Disability Insurance

IntermediatePersonal Finance2 min read

Quick Definition

Insurance that replaces a portion of income if the policyholder becomes unable to work due to illness or injury.

Key Takeaways

  • One in four workers will experience a disability before retirement age
  • Own-occupation policies protect your ability to work in your specific profession
  • Employer group plans typically replace only 50-60% of salary and may be taxable
  • Individual policies with after-tax premiums provide tax-free benefits

What Is Disability Insurance?

Disability insurance provides income replacement when a policyholder cannot work due to a qualifying illness, injury, or medical condition. There are two main types: short-term disability (STD), covering weeks to months, and long-term disability (LTD), which can last years or until retirement age. Policies typically replace 50-70% of pre-disability income. Employer-provided group plans are common but often insufficient, making individual supplemental policies important for comprehensive protection. Disability insurance is often called the most overlooked form of insurance, yet statistics show that one in four workers will experience a disability lasting 90+ days before retirement. Own-occupation policies are more protective than any-occupation policies.

Disability Insurance Example

  • 1A surgeon with an own-occupation policy receives benefits if she can no longer perform surgery, even if she could work as a medical consultant.
  • 2A 35-year-old earning $80,000/year pays approximately $100-150/month for a long-term disability policy replacing 60% of income.
  • 3After a back injury, a construction worker receives $3,500/month from his LTD policy for 2 years while unable to perform physical labor.