Step-Up Bond

AdvancedBonds & Fixed Income2 min read

Quick Definition

A bond with a coupon rate that increases at predetermined intervals over its life, providing rising income to investors.

Key Takeaways

  • Coupon rate increases at predetermined intervals
  • Provides rising income and partial inflation protection
  • Commonly issued by GSEs and financial institutions
  • Often callable at each step-up date, limiting upside potential

What Is Step-Up Bond?

A step-up bond features a coupon rate that increases at specified dates according to a predetermined schedule written into the bond indenture. For example, a 10-year step-up bond might pay 3% for the first three years, 4% for years four through six, and 5% for the remaining years. Step-up bonds appeal to investors who want rising income over time and provide partial protection against inflation and rising rates. They are commonly issued by government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) like the Federal Home Loan Banks and by financial institutions. Many step-up bonds include call provisions that allow the issuer to redeem the bond at each step-up date, meaning the higher coupons only materialize if the issuer chooses not to call.

Step-Up Bond Example

  • 1A Federal Home Loan Bank step-up note pays 3.5% for year 1, 4.0% for year 2, and 4.5% for years 3–5, callable at each step-up date
  • 2An investor buys a step-up bond hoping rates won't fall — if rates drop, the issuer will call the bond before the higher coupons kick in